Parental self-efficacy can be defined as the level of belief and confidence parents have in their ability to effectively fulfill their responsibilities and tasks related to parenting. The aim of this study is to adapt the Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form into Turkish. Our study was conducted with 340 parents of children aged 0-18. As part of the translation and language validity studies of the scale, the initial translation from the original English to Turkish was finalized into its Turkish form with the mutual agreement of field and language experts. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results showed that the scale exhibited excellent model fit (χ²/Sd= 1.508/1=1.508, CFI =.999; TLI=.994; GFI =.998; AGFI=.978, SRMR =.005; RMSEA =.039). Furthermore, factor loadings ranged from.47 to.90, and item-total test correlations ranged from.62 to.78. Correlation analysis conducted for scale validity revealed a high positive correlation of.72 between the Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form and the Me as a Parent Scale. The reliability of the scale was determined to be.88 using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Furthermore, it was found that the scale has the power to distinguish between the lower and upper groups (27%) at a significant level (p<.001). As a result of the validity and reliability analyses obtained, it was concluded that the Turkish version of the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

This study aims to examine the impact of the Tarsus Space Science School program, designed for children aged 60-72 months, on children's scientific process skills and their understanding of concepts related to the world, stars, sun, moon, and planets in space. The Tarsus Space Science School is an intensive five-day program that focuses on scientific process skills using different teaching methods and techniques based on the themes of the Earth, stars, sun, moon, and planets. The research was conducted with 26 children aged 60-72 months attending preschool institutions in low socioeconomic areas affiliated with the Tarsus District National Education Directorate. The quantitative dimension of the research, conducted using a mixed method, utilized a pretest-posttest experimental design without a control group. The Scientific Process Skills Assessment Tool (Turan, 2012), the Scientific Process Skills Scale (Şahin et al., 2018), a Semi-Structured Interview Form, an Observation Form, children's drawings, and diaries and portfolios were used as data collection tools in the research. The quantitative findings obtained from the research determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the program in terms of scientific process skills. The retention test administered three weeks after the program ended showed that the program's effect persisted. Qualitative findings showed that children acquired concepts such as astronaut, space, sun, and star, and were able to recognize space-related concepts and express their characteristics. As a result, it was determined that the program developed was effective in improving the scientific process skills and space-related concepts of children aged 60-72 months. The program is recommended for children with different developmental characteristics.